Vaccines and Boosters for COVID-19
Last updated: 5/6/22
Booster Shots
Will CMU be providing COVID-19 booster shots?
Am I required to get a booster shot?
Carnegie Mellon University requires all students, faculty and staff to be fully vaccinated against COVID19 (including booster dose when eligible) and to upload confirmation of booster vaccination status and date of vaccination to the CMU Vaccine Database in HealthConnect.
All students, faculty and staff eligible for a COVID-19 booster are required to upload documentation and date of vaccination within 60 days of their eligibility in HealthConnect.
How soon after being fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) am I able to get a booster shot?
According to CDC guidelines, for most people, you can get a booster if it has been:
- At least 5 months since you received the final dose of your Pfizer or Moderna vaccine.
- At least 2 months since you received the J&J vaccine.
According to CDC guidelines, moderately or severely immunocompromised people should consider getting an additional primary shot before getting a booster. If you are eligible for an additional primary shot, you can receive one as soon as:
- 28 days after your second Pfizer or Moderna vaccine
How long should I wait after having COVID-19 to get a booster?
The CDC recommends waiting to get a booster until symptoms resolve and you finish isolation. People who test positive but never show symptoms can get their booster as soon as they have completed their isolation period.
Do I need to get a booster if I had a documented recent positive COVID-19 test?
While the CDC still recommends getting a booster even if you recently had COVID-19, recent studies have documented the protection that a recent Omicron infection can provide. Therefore, if you have had COVID-19 since Jan. 1, 2022, the university will accept your documented positive test result as equivalent to a booster dose of the vaccine. Please note that the ongoing acceptance of this positive case/booster equivalence may change if a new variant emerges.
Who is eligible to receive a booster shot?
These are the CDC guidelines as of February 2, 2022:
If you received the 2 dose series of Pfizer:
- You may receive a booster dose of Pfizer if it’s been at least 5 months since your second dose and you’re at least 12 y/o
- You may receive a booster dose of Moderna if it’s been at least 5 months since your second dose and you’re at least 18 y/o
If you received the 2 dose series of Moderna:
- You may receive a booster dose of Pfizer if it’s been at least 5 months since your second dose and you’re at least 18 y/o
- You may receive a booster dose of Moderna if it’s been at least 5 months since your second dose and you’re at least 18 y/o
If you received the 1 dose series of J&J/Janssen:
- You may receive a booster dose of Pfizer if it’s been at least 2 months since your one dose and you’re at least 18 y/o
- You may receive a booster dose of Moderna if it’s been at least 2 months since your one dose and you’re at least 18 y/o
Note: In most situations, Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna COVID-19 vaccines are preferred over the J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine for primary and booster vaccination due to the risk of serious adverse events. Vaccine recipients must be informed of the risks and benefits of J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccination. The J&J/Janssen COVID-19 vaccine may be considered in some situations.
If you received 2 doses of an WHO approved vaccine or heterologous (mix and match) series composed of any combination of WHO EUL approved Covid 19 vaccines including:
- Sinopharm BBIBP
- Sinovac
- AstraZeneca
- Covishield
- Covaxin
- Novavax
- Covovax
You may receive:
- A booster dose of Pfizer if it’s been at least 5 months since your second dose and you’re at least 18 y/o.
Do I need to get the same booster shot as the vaccine I got?
According to current CDC guidance, eligible individuals may choose which vaccine they receive as a booster dose. Some people may have a preference for the vaccine type that they originally received and others may prefer to get a different booster. CDC's recommendations now allow for this type of mix and match dosing for booster shots.
I received a WHO-approved vaccine. Do I need to receive one or two booster doses?
Regardless of the type of vaccine you previously received (WHO-approved, Moderna, Pfizer or J&J), you need only one booster dose.
Will CMU accept a WHO-approved/non-US vaccine for the booster dose if my primary series of vaccine was WHO-approved/non-US,?
Do I need to bring a copy of my vaccination card when I receive my booster?
If you still have a copy of your card, we encourage you to bring this with you for your appointment. However, if you have lost your card, we can make arrangements for you to receive a new one.
Do I need to upload information to Health Connect after receiving the booster?
Yes, all students, faculty and staff are required to participate in the CMU COVID-19 Vaccine Database as part of the university's vaccine requirement.
Importance, Safety, Eligibility and Distribution
Why is it so important to get a COVID-19 vaccine and booster?
According to the Pennsylvania Department of Health, stopping a pandemic requires using all the tools available including getting the COVID-19 vaccine. Vaccines work with your immune system so your body will be ready to fight the virus if you are exposed. Other steps, like wearing facial coverings and physical distancing, help reduce your chance of being exposed to the virus or spreading it to others.
It's important to recognize that long-standing systemic health and social inequities have put many people from racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk of getting sick and dying from COVID-19. The Pennsylvania Department of Health has worked throughout the COVID-19 pandemic to address these disparities within not only racial and ethnic minority groups, but other marginalized populations.
Together, COVID-19 vaccination and following the CDC's recommendations to protect yourself and others offer the best protection from COVID-19.
Visit the CMU Vaccine page to learn more.
Are COVID-19 vaccines safe?
Researchers were not starting from scratch when they learned about SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Scientists have been studying coronaviruses for over 50 years and they had existing data on the structure, genome and life cycle of this type of virus.
According to the CDC, the COVID-19 vaccines being used have gone through rigorous studies to ensure they are as safe as possible. Systems that allow CDC to watch for safety issues are in place across the entire country.
Currently, there are three vaccines approved or authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommended to prevent COVID-19:
- Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (U.S. approved: Learn more)
- Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (U.S. emergency use authorized)
- Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (U.S. emergency use authorized)
These vaccines have been shown to meet rigorous safety criteria and be effective as determined by data from the manufacturers and findings from large clinical trials. Watch a video describing the emergency use authorization.
Clinical trials for all vaccines must first show they meet rigorous criteria for safety and effectiveness before any vaccine, including COVID-19 vaccines, can be authorized or approved for use. The known and potential benefits of a COVID-19 vaccine must outweigh the known and potential risks of the vaccine.
Learn more about how federal partners ensure the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in the United States.
Am I eligible for a vaccine?
All people living in the United States age 5 and older are eligible for vaccination at no cost.
On May 12, 2021, the CDC director adopted the CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ (ACIP) recommendation that endorsed the safety and effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and its use in 12- through 15-year-old adolescents. The CDC now recommends that this vaccine be used among this population, and providers may begin vaccinating them right away.
In addition as of December 9, 2021, the CDC strongly recommends that individuals 16 and older receive a booster vaccine.
Are international students eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine?
Yes, anyone living in the United States age 12 and older, including international students, are eligible to schedule a COVID-19 vaccine appointment. A passport or other photo identification will suffice when checking in to receive your vaccine.
What are the benefits of getting a COVID-19 vaccine and booster?
According to the CDC, getting a COVID-19 vaccine:
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Helps keep you from getting COVID-19 and is a safer way to help build protection
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Allows you to start doing more (once you are up-to-date on vaccinations)
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Serves as an important tool to help stop the pandemic
Learn more from the CDC about the benefits of getting a COVID-19 vaccine.
Why should college students get vaccinated?
The Pennsylvania Department of Health encourages college students to get vaccinated as quickly as possible. Choosing to get a vaccine marks an important step to protect your own health and the health of everyone around you as we continue to unite against COVID-19. Students should work to schedule their vaccination appointment at their earliest convenience at a location closest to them.
Learn more on this fact sheet on the Vaccination of College Students (PDF) from the PA Department of Health.
Does the university recommend that I participate in antibody testing?
At this time, the university and CDC do not recommend antibody testing once fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible). Antibody testing is typically not covered by insurance coverage carriers.
Should I be vaccinated after having COVID-19?
The CDC recommends vaccination for all eligible people, including individuals with prolonged post-COVID-19 symptoms (i.e. loss of sense of smell/taste). There is no recommended minimum waiting period between infection and vaccination, however, you should hold on vaccination until recovery from acute illness symptoms and have met criteria to discontinue isolation before vaccinating.
Vaccine Requirements
Who is required to get the COVID-19 vaccine?
To be fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) against COVID-19, all CMU students, along with faculty and staff working in the United States, are required to either (i) be vaccinated with a WHO-approved COVID-19 vaccine and document their vaccination status or (ii) receive an approved exemption for medical, religious or strong moral/ethical conviction reasons.
Those granted an exemption must comply with additional mitigation requirements to participate in campus life, including the use of facial coverings and weekly Tartan Testing.
Our goal is to have almost all of our community members vaccinated. We are providing multiple opportunities for individuals to receive the vaccine, and we will continue to do so.
Which CMU locations are included in this requirement?
These requirements apply to all CMU students, faculty and staff working in the United States. CMU’s global locations will communicate vaccine and mitigation requirements to their faculty and staff separately, consistent with their regional contexts.
Will I be required to show I’m fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible)?
Yes, all students, faculty and staff are required to participate in the CMU COVID-19 Vaccine Database as part of the university's vaccine requirement.
Students are required to participate in CMU's COVID-19 Vaccine Database as part of the university's vaccine requirement and must either request an exemption or upload confirmation of their vaccination status. If you have not done so already, upload your vaccination status to the CMU Vaccine Database immediately.
Faculty and staff are required to be fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) for COVID-19 and upload vaccination documentation into the CMU Vaccine Database immediately.
Which vaccines are approved for this requirement?
CMU accepts all World Health Organization (WHO)-authorized vaccines, in addition to the FDA-authorized vaccines in the U.S.
A current list of accepted vaccines is available on the Vaccine Clinics & Resources page.
How should I proceed with uploading my documentation if I am partially vaccinated?
Individuals who have begun their vaccination process should upload their first dose documentation into HealthConnect and then follow up with second dose documentation (if required).
Please note that until full documentation is uploaded, students, faculty and staff will be expected to participate in all mitigation requirements and testing protocols.
You can learn more about the process and how to submit your documentation on the COVID-19 CMU Vaccine Database page.
Will I receive confirmation that the image of my COVID-19 vaccine card was uploaded correctly and received?
You will not receive an immediate confirmation after uploading. A member of our staff will review your upload within five business days. After we have verified your record, you will see your COVID-19 vaccine listed under Immunizations in the left menu.
What if I’ve lost or misplaced my vaccine documentation?
If you’ve lost or misplaced your card, please contact your primary care physician or the place where you received your vaccinations to get a new card.
If you were vaccinated in Pennsylvania, you can contact the PA Department of Health at 877.774.4748 or email RA-DHPASIIS@pa.gov and request replacement documentation. Visit the PA Department of Health's Statewide Immunization Information System (PA-SIIS) for more information.
Additionally, to ensure timely reporting of your vaccinated status, please contact drbc@andrew.cmu.edu for help with questions related to reporting status for individuals who were not issued a COVID-19 vaccination card, lost/misplaced it or have other questions related to uploading an image of the card.
As a student, can I request an exemption/waiver from immunization requirements?
Yes, if vaccination is not advised for medical reasons or conflicts with your religious belief/strong moral or ethical conviction. You can find and submit a vaccine exemption form in HealthConnect, under Downloadable Forms.
Learn more about immunizations and vaccines on the University Health Services website.
As a faculty or staff member, can I request an exemption/waiver from immunization requirements?
Yes, if vaccination is not advised for medical reasons or conflicts with your religious belief/strong moral or ethical conviction. You can find and submit the applicable vaccine exemption form by visiting the HR Faculty and Staff COVID-19 Vaccination Exemption webpage.
Visit the Vaccine Clinics and Resources webpage to learn more about available resources.
Those granted an exemption must comply with all applicable COVID-19 mitigation requirements to participate in campus life, including the use of facial coverings and weekly Tartan Testing.
For questions related to the exemption process, please contact Equal Opportunity Services at employeeaccess@andrew.cmu.edu or 412-268-3930.
Do I need to get an exemption for a booster shot if I already have an exemption from the vaccine?
How are enrolled students defined at CMU?
Enrolled students at CMU include:
- Part-time and full-time students
- Non-degree students
- Pittsburgh Council on Higher Education and dual degree students from other institutions
What are the vaccination and/or revaccination guidelines for both domestic and international students?
Carnegie Mellon University requires all enrolled students, both domestic and international, to be fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) for COVID-19. This policy applies to all undergraduate and graduate students, as well as visiting, non-degree, guest and cross-registered students, in U.S.-based programs and students participating in approved study abroad programs overseas. CMU faculty and staff members taking courses as a non-degree student must also be vaccinated.
What testing requirements are in place for vaccinated students and students not up-to-date on vaccinations?
In connection with the launch of the fall semester, the university required every student to complete two baseline tests (regardless of vaccination status) through the Tartan Testing program.
Unvaccinated students or students who are not fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) are required to continue testing weekly through the Tartan Testing program.
Why is CMU now requiring faculty and staff to be vaccinated?
CMU has taken the critical step of requiring all faculty and staff to be fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) in order to further protect the safety of our campus and neighboring communities.
Do faculty and staff not yet on campus need to get vaccinated and upload documentation?
Yes, faculty and staff should plan to get their vaccination as soon as possible, and when fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible), upload documentation even if not planning to be on campus regularly. You can learn more about the process and how to submit your documentation on the COVID-19 Vaccine Database website.
Please note that until documentation is uploaded, staff and faculty members will be considered to be unvaccinated for the purposes of adherence to mitigation requirements and testing protocols.
Where can faculty and staff get a COVID-19 vaccine?
If you have not yet been vaccinated, CMU is offering free vaccine clinics. Please visit this link to schedule an appointment, which is required. You can also visit Pennsylvania’s vaccine information page to access a list of providers near you.
Do faculty and staff have to complete the Daily Self-Assessment if fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible)?
No, the Daily Self-Assessment is no longer required. It does however remain a recommended mitigation measure and will continue to be available to the entire CMU community.
Do faculty and staff have to participate in weekly Tartan Testing if fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible)?
No. Fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) staff and faculty members do not have to complete weekly Tartan Testing. Please note, however, that until documentation is uploaded, staff and faculty members will be considered to be unvaccinated and will be required to complete weekly Tartan Testing.
Who can faculty and staff contact with questions or concerns?
Faculty and staff can reach out to their HR business partner or Equal Opportunity Services at employeeaccess@andrew.cmu.edu or 412-268-3930.
Vaccination Data and Compliance
How will my data be used?
University Health Services (UHS) staff will review and verify vaccine information submissions through the secure electronic health record system, HealthConnect. CMU will use this information to determine whether individuals are compliant with the vaccine requirements or the university’s minimum mitigation requirements expected of community members who do not have a verified COVID-19 vaccine record or approved exemption from UHS.
Vaccination data will also be used in aggregate form to help inform our campus posture, as well as plans for booster vaccine clinics if and when they become recommended by public health officials.
Who will have access to my vaccination registration data?
CMU is committed to protecting the confidentiality of your vaccination information, and will share it only with those individuals who have valid reasons to access the data solely for the purposes described in the COVID-19 Vaccination Data Collection Privacy Notice (PDF).
Up-to-date records of those who are expected to comply with the university’s mitigation requirements will be available to Student Affairs for students and Human Resources for faculty and staff. If concerns are raised about compliance, Student Affairs will engage directly with a student to assure compliance. Human Resources will engage directly with employees to assure compliance among faculty and staff. Supervisors will be engaged only if the issue cannot be brought to resolution through direct engagement with Human Resources.
How does CMU keep my vaccination data secure?
CMU is committed to protecting the security of your vaccination data through the use of technologies and procedures, such as technical and organizational security policies and procedures, security controls and employee training. Further information on CMU’s security measures may be found in the COVID-19 Vaccination Data Collection Privacy Notice (PDF).
How will the university monitor compliance with the vaccine requirements?
Individuals who have not received an approved exemption or have not uploaded their vaccination information will receive automated reminders of their obligation to participate in Tartan Testing and wear a facial covering.
Participation in Tartan Testing will be monitored and individuals who are not compliant will receive follow up from the university. Human Resources will respond to concerns regarding faculty and staff compliance and Student Affairs will respond to concerns regarding student compliance.
What are the consequences of non-compliance with the university’s vaccination requirements?
Compliance with the university’s mitigation strategies has been crucial to our success throughout the pandemic and we expect community members will continue to uphold their obligations to protect the community and their own health and safety. The university is committed to an educational approach to assure compliance; however, the university reserves the right to take employment or disciplinary action when warranted.
Authorized Vaccines, Mitigation, Quarantining and Tartan Testing
What are the three U.S.-approved or U.S.-emergency use authorized vaccines for COVID-19?
Currently, there are three vaccines approved or authorized by the FDA in the United States recommended to prevent COVID-19:
- Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (U.S.-approved)
- Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (U.S.-emergency use authorized)
- Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (U.S.-emergency use authorized)
What are their reported side effects?
Pfizer-BioNTech
According to the FDA, the most common side effects from the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine are pain, redness or swelling at the injection site, fatigue, headache, chills, muscle pain and joint pain. These symptoms typically last a day or two. This FDA fact sheet on the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine (PDF) has more information.
Moderna
The FDA reports that the most commonly reported side effects of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine, which typically lasted several days, were pain at the injection site, tiredness, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, swollen lymph nodes in the same arm as the injection, nausea and vomiting and fever. Of note, more people experienced these side effects after the second dose than after the first dose. This FDA fact sheet on the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine (PDF) has more information.
Johnson & Johnson
The most commonly reported side effects of the Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine were pain at the injection site, headache, fatigue, muscle aches and nausea. Most of these side effects occurred within one to two days following vaccination and were mild to moderate in severity and lasted one to two days. This FDA fact sheet (updated 4/23/21) on the Johnson & Johnson Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (PDF) has more information.
What vaccines authorized by the World Health Organization (WHO) does CMU accept?
CMU accepts all World Health Organization (WHO)-authorized vaccines, in addition to the FDA-authorized vaccines in the U.S.
A current list of accepted vaccines is available on the Vaccine Clinics & Resources page.
Should I be vaccinated even if I’ve already had COVID-19?
According to the CDC, you should be vaccinated regardless of whether you already had COVID-19. Experts do not yet know how long you are protected from getting sick again after recovering from COVID-19. Even if you have already recovered from COVID-19, it is possible — although rare — that you could be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19 again.
Learn more from the CDC about why getting vaccinated is a safer way to build protection than getting infected.
If I'm fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible), do I still need to wear a facial covering and practice mitigation behaviors on campus?
Facial coverings both indoors and outdoors are optional for members of our community who are up-to-date with respect to COVID-19 vaccinations (meaning fully vaccinated and boosted when eligible). Those who are not up-to-date on vaccinations must continue to follow mitigation measures, including wearing facial coverings while indoors.
There are several circumstances in which individuals will still be required to wear a high-quality, well-fitting facial covering indoors, regardless of vaccination status:
- Anyone who has tested positive (wear for at least three days following the seven days of isolation).
- Anyone who has been a close contact of a positive case within 10 days of exposure.
- Anyone visiting Tartan Testing or University Health Services.
- Anyone in a university child care setting, including the Cyert Center for Early Education and The Children’s School.
What should I do if a faculty or staff member who is not fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) is not complying with the university’s risk mitigation requirements?
The relaxation of the university’s risk mitigation protocols for fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) individuals is currently based on the honor system (as it is throughout the Commonwealth). While we fully expect that our community will comply, any concerns about noncompliance may be brought to your supervisor, who will follow up with HR to address.
As a student, will I need to quarantine or stay away from campus until I’m fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible)?
Students are not required to complete an arrival quarantine before coming to campus. Those who are not fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) with a WHO-emergency use listed or U.S.-emergency use authorized vaccine will be required to start the vaccination process as they begin engaging in campus life (e.g. orientation programs, moving into residence halls, coming to class, joining research activities, etc.). Carnegie Mellon offers free vaccine clinics on campus for those needing vaccinations.
While awaiting full vaccination status, students are expected to participate in mitigation activities such as regular Tartan Testing and wearing facial coverings.
If I have been fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible), do I still need to quarantine if I'm exposed to the coronavirus or identified as a close contact of someone with COVID-19?
The CDC reports that when you've been fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible), you do not have to quarantine if you have been identified as a close contact of a COVID-19 probable or positive individual.
Anyone who is not fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) who is identified as a close contact with a positive COVID-19 case must quarantine for seven days.
Visitors, contractors and other persons who are planning to be on campus and received a positive COVID-19 diagnosis or close contact exposure within 10 days of their time on campus must inform their local supervisor or CMU host. The supervisor or CMU host will inform Community Health and Well-Being at CHWB@andrew.cmu.edu to initiate communication protocols.
If I have received the vaccine, should I continue to participate in Tartan Testing?
If you are fully vaccinated (including booster dose when eligible), you do not need to participate in Tartan Testing, the university’s COVID-19 asymptomatic testing program.
All faculty, staff and students coming to campus who have not been fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) against COVID-19 must participate weekly in Tartan Testing.
Tartan Testing is also available for fully vaccinated (including booster when eligible) CMU community members who desire a weekly test.
Can I ask about vaccine status of anyone who I interact with?
No, individuals should not ask about the vaccine status of students, faculty or staff members.