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Recommendations of the Sixth U.S.-Korea
Forum on Nanotechnology: Nanoelectronics & its Integration with
Applications
Adopted
on April 29, 2009
During the past decade, Korea and the United States have been supporting nanotechnology as a priority research area. The delegates
at the 5th meeting of the Korea-U.S. Joint Committee on Scientific
and Technological Cooperation (held on October 30th & 31st,
2002 in Seoul, Korea) agreed that establishment of a Korea-U.S. Forum on
Nanotechnology would be beneficial to promote and enhance research
collaborations in the field of nanotechnology among scientists and engineers
from both countries. Specifically, a joint Forum between Korea and U.S.will facilitate networking
between the research communities and agencies of both countries, enabling each
side to exchange information and explore opportunities for cooperative efforts.
With this mission, we organized the first Korea-U.S. Forum on Nanotechnology,
via National Science Foundation (NSF) funding, at Seoul, Korea during October 14-18th, 2003. As the Korean counterpart to NSF,
participation was overseen and funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science
and Technology (MEST). The first Forum was attended by 250 participants from
both countries and covered a broad range of nano-research areas. The second Forum, held in Los Angeles from February 17-19th, 2005,
was a topical meeting that focused on nano-manufacturing and educational
program development on nanotechnology. The Forum was attended by 32 experts.
The third Forum, held in Seoul on April 3rd & 4th,
2006, focused on two areas: (i) active devices and systems research in
nanotechnology, and (ii) environmental, health, and safety (EHS) implications
of nanotechnology. This Forum was attended by 150 participants from both
countries. The fourth Forum, held on April 26th & 27th,
2007 in Honolulu, HI, investigated the sustainable nano-energy area dealing with the design, synthesis,
fabrication, and characterization of nano-materials as well as devices and systems
for energy applications such as fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen storage &
production, and solar cells. The Forum was attended
by 36 experts. The fifth Forum dealt with the emerging area of
nano-biotechnology focusing on nano-biomaterials, instrumentation technologies,
and integrated systems for overcoming critical challenges in biomedicine and
delivery of healthcare as well as their EHS and toxicity issues. This Forum was held in Jeju-do, Korea on April 17th & 18th, 2008, and attended by 44
experts.
This sixth Forum held at Las Vegas on April 28th & 29th,
attended by 39 scientists, dealt with the emerging area of nano-electronics with
emphasis on fundamentals as well as integration with applications including
fusion technology with bio- and sustainable energy- areas.
The following are the general recommendations of this Forum to
ensure the partnership between these two countries for the continued success of
nano-electronics research:
(1) The Forum and the follow-up activities will
continuously provide a common platform for researchers at all levels in both
countries to share experiences and expertise to enhance partnership in the
field of nanotechnology. Facilitating
interactions between industry and academia within the areas of interest are
recommended. Especially, there is a strong need in collaborations and
interactions to keep student interests in mind – research together with
potential for employment. There should be more industrial involvement in the
meeting.
(2) These annual Forums aim participation from
leading researchers to early-career researchers including pre-tenured faculty, post-doctoral
fellows, and graduate students. Enhancing the visibility and expanding the
reach of the exchange programs is also recommended. Forum’s biggest impact would
happen through bringing together of younger, pre-tenure or just-tenured,
faculty. The meeting should be a forum for broader mentoring of younger faculty
by diverse senior faculty and industrial participants.
(3) We recommend
to address nanosystems, or nanostructures, which incorporate molecular and/or
biological entities as well as alternative energy, information technology, nano-informatics,
nano-sensors, and distributed systems integration by design advances in
computational techniques need to be moved to real-life systems with multi-scale
approaches.
(4) Support to allow/require the movement of students and
early-career scientists between the collaborative partners. Intellectual
property (IP) problems need to be addressed and resolved.
(5) We recommend fostering more collaboration and participation, holding the meetings at major
universities and research centers.
The followings are the recommendations of this Forum presented in two groups:
Group
1 (More Moore, Beyond
CMOS)
General
recommendations:
Industry-Academia
interests:
In United
States and in Korea, there are different
perspectives and interests between industrial and academic interest. There is
need in collaborations and interactions to keep student interests in mind –
research together with potential for employment.
There should be larger
industrial involvement in the meeting.
- Need increased participants
from broader community that include related – applied mathematicians and
applied physicists.
- Forum’s highest impact would
happen through bringing together of younger, pre-tenure or just-tenured,
faculty. The meeting should be a forum for broader mentoring of younger faculty
by diverse senior faculty and industry participants.
Forum
Subjects:
- Broaden and make them farther
out so that they have longer term outlook and look for fundamental
understanding that is not competitive in industrial sense:
o Alternative
energy
o Alternatives
in information technology, and bio related nano-informatics
o Nano-sensors
and distributed systems integration
Forum
Location:
Foster more collaboration and
participation, hold the meetings at major universities of the subject and major
research centers.
Collaborations:
Assess past accomplishments –
sabbatical leaves, student impact, Korea-U.S. interactions with individuals.
One suggestion for fostering collaboration
and making it tractable is a call for ¾
page document from participants defining a collaboration that would be fruitful
as a result of this workshop. Forum should be a source that fosters this collaboration
and make it happen.
Specific
Recommendations:
o Find ways to scale it to 20 nm
and low power
o Input – output mechanism that
is very low overhead in the use of spin processing
o High S/N and raise temperature
of operation
o Find the limits of new
phenomena and structures: electromechanical, tunneling, and new channel
materials
o New approaches for sensing
o Fundamental understanding of
multifunctional materials – multiferroics, phase transition, complex oxides, and
their use in devices
o Fundamental understanding of
exciton based processing
o Find the right application for
the fundamental phenomena – single electron charge and transistor in memory and
converters, single flux quantum
o Keep it as fundamental research
Non-traditional Information Processing
o Probabilistic and inexact
approaches for computing
o New architectures that tackle
the disconnect between nanodevices and their use at system scale
Group
2 (More than Moore and other issues)
Premise:
The end of Moore’s
law is near, regardless of what evolutionary changes are done in the next few
years. The problem with VLSI is that it
has remained a von Neumann architecture, and radical new technologies will not
arise from the evolutionary changes that are being discussed.
What is needed are revolutionary changes in
integrated systems. This means changing
either the architecture or the device, or both.
There are some problems:
The biggest problem is quite
general: “if it is not on the roadmap, it is not interesting to the
industry.” What is needed is
“curiosity-driven” research into novel new concepts for systems—architectures
and devices. We should not be
industrially driven, rather we should be seeking “what is possible.”
The lack of funding for curiosity-driven
research in the U.S.has allowed leadership to move abroad.
This fact also means that other countries can seize the opportunity to
advance new science breakthroughs.
Revolutionary approaches must occur at both the
architecture/system and device levels.
There are also general guidelines to pursue novel systems:
Nanowires offer the advantage
of putting transistors in upper layers in order to pursue non-von Neumann
architectures, including reconfigurable architectures. Primary concepts may well be biologically
inspired.
We need to have
multi-disciplinary efforts to speed future advances (recognizing that these
often have communication problems).
We need to address nanosystems,
or nanostructures, which can incorporate molecular and/or biological entities
by design. These can incorporate
biologically-inspired architectures.
Advances in computational
techniques/approaches need to be moved to larger systems with multi-scale
approaches. This requires new algorithms
and new physics/chemistry approaches.
On behalf of the U.S participants
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On behalf of the Korean
participants
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Myung S. Jhon, Professor Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Jo-Won Lee, Director Tera-level Nanodevices Seoul, Korea
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