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The 14th U.S.-Korea Forum on Nanotechnology:
IoT including Nanosensors & Neuromorphic Computing
Tysons Corner, VA, USA
Adopted on September 12, 2017
The
first decade of the 21st century has been flourished by the advent
of nanotechnology convergence and its application in a broad spectrum of
science and technology areas along with interdisciplinary research initiatives
to achieve rapid advancement toward fourth industrial revolution. To further
promote development of new technologies, the United States (National Science
Foundation, NSF) and Korea (Ministry of Science and ICT, MSIT) have been
vigorously encouraging a common platform for the exchange of ideas and research
collaboration in nanotechnology through these Forums, set up by the
recommendations made by the Korea-US joint committee on Scientific and
Technological Cooperation, held on October 31, 2002 in Seoul.
Ever
since then, our Forums have been extremely successful, thriving over the decade
of their organization history and promoting tremendous development in
nanotechnology. These Forums have been a testimony to the transformative power
of identifying a concept or trend and laying out a vision at the synergistic confluence
of diverse scientific research areas. Series
of our Forums have successfully provided a common platform for effective
networking between research communities and industries in both countries by
identifying emerging areas in nanotechnology which generate huge impact. This
is evident from major collaboration initiatives between US and Korea, established
via our Forums. Organizing the Forums has significantly expedited the
generation of cutting edge technologies for the thrust areas in both countries. These Forums have been well publicized
through Carnegie Mellon website: http://www.cmu.edu/nanotechnology-forum/.
With
this mission, we established the 1st U.S.-Korea Forum on
Nanotechnology, via National Science Foundation (NSF) funding, on October 14th
-18th of 2003, in Seoul,
Korea. As the Korean counterpart to NSF, participation was overseen and funded
by MSIT. The topics in the subsequent Forums were recommended by the advisory
committee members depending on the need of both countries at that time, and the
locations of these Forums have alternated between Korea and the USA. We
organized the 2nd U.S.-Korea Forum, on nanomanufacturing research
and the development of educational programs covering the field of
nanotechnology. The 3rd Forum focused on active devices and systems
research, unlike the passive systems studied during the first two Forums. We
organized the 4th Forum, where the focus was on the sustainable nano
energy with emphasis on the design and characterization of materials as well as
devices and systems for energy applications. The 5th Forum focused
on the emerging area of nano-biotechnology emphasizing novel nano-biomaterials,
instrumentation technologies, and integrated systems for overcoming critical
challenges in biomedicine and delivery of healthcare, as well as their
environmental, health & safety (EHS), and toxicity issues. The 6th
Forum dealt with nano-electronics with emphasis on fundamentals as well as
integration with applications including convergence technology with
biotechnology. The 7th Forum oversaw discussions ranging in
nanotechnology convergence over current and future energy technologies to
provide environmentally friendly solutions to the crippling challenges facing
the energy sector. These seven Forums culminated in a seamless developmental
and feedback process documenting the advent of nanotechnology convergence in
broad spectrum of science and technology areas, for the first decade of the
21st century (NANO1). The 8th Forum in 2011, on nanotechnology
convergence in sustainability, heralded new horizons in nanotechnology for the
next decade (NANO2) by addressing critical problems faced by an ever increasing
global population, with an emphasis on environmentally friendly technologies
for the future on nanotechnology for sustainability, focusing on water reuse
and desalination, greenhouse gas capture and conversion, and sustainable
natural resources. The 9th Forum focused on channeling
nanotechnology to the masses to responsibly address broad societal challenges
such as nanoscience fundamentals, sustainability, and state-of-the-art
applications for the new generation of nanotechnology products. The 10th
Forum focused on laying out a roadmap for a new generation of nanotechnological
products and processes. The 11th Forum focused on laying out a new
paradigm in nanomanufacturing, nanocomposite, and nanoinformatics. This Forum
provides an opportunity to realize the potential of nanotechnology through the
development of innovative and sustainable nanomanufacturing technologies for
producing novel strong, light and smart nanocomposites and their management via
nanoinformatics which will likely lead to paradigm shifting next generation
enhanced performance of products in a broad range of existing industries
including aerospace, automotive, energy, environmental remediation,
information, and power industries as well as development of new industries. The
12th Forum focused on laying out a roadmap for a new paradigm in
nanoscience-convergence in 2-D materials and for water purification via
exploring improvements to technological tools for the application of
nanotechnology and functional and novel nanomaterials to water-related topics.
The 13th Forum focused on a roadmap for a new paradigm in
nanoscience-convergence in brain-inspired (neuromorphic) computers and water
& energy by exploring improvements to technological tools for the
application of nanotechnology and novel functional nanomaterials to brain-inspired
computing and water & energy related topics.
The
present 14th Forum was held at Tysons Corner, VA, USA on September 11&12,
2017, and 67 eminent scientists and policy makers in the field of nanotechnology
(including 27 presenters) attended. This Forum focused on laying out a roadmap
for a new paradigm in nanoscience-convergence in IoT including nanosensors and
neuromorphic computing by exploring improvements to technological tools for the
application of nanotechnology and novel functional nanomaterials.
To
further extend from discussions regarding IoT including nanosensors during this
Forum, we intend to organize the 15th Forum on October 15th &
16th, 2018 to be held at Seoul, Korea on nanosensor for Internet of
Things (IoT) as well as nanomedicine focusing on single cell level. Since
brain-inspired computing is considered as a key component of the 4th
industrial revolution, we spent our effort to cover this topic in two
consecutive forums. We strongly recommend a collaboration of this topic between
two countries, specifically for next year’s US-Korea ministry/secretary
meeting.
The
summary of our finding are as follows.
The
IoT including nanosensors group agreed on the need to have: Printed wireless
wearable sensors that can be integrated with fabrics and are durable and
reliable. These wireless sensors should be low power and utilize energy
harvesting and should be able to communicate securely. These sensors should be
specific and should take advantage of integrated 2D and/or 1D nanomaterials for
sensing and/or electronics.
The US-Korea discussion group on
neuromorphic computing agree that neuromorphic systems should provide
approaches to computing that contribute to lowering power consumption and
improving memory and processing efficiency when these functions are collocated;
ultimately, the impact of neuromorphic computing will depend on unique “killer
applications” that can only be implemented using concepts, algorithms, or
hardware that is different from those in current computing technologies.
The following are recommendations
made by the two subgroups during this Forum:
Sub-group 1: IoT
including nanosensors
Proposed topics for
collaboration focused on nano sensors and the IOT
1. Printed
autonomous wireless wearable sensor (John Volakis, Ahmed Busnaina, Mona
Zaghloul, Jae-Eun Jang)
2. Integration
with fabrics and durability and reliability (John Volakis, Mona Zaghloul)
3. Sensor
could use integrated 2D and/or 1D nanomaterials for sensing and/or electronics
(Katharine Dovidenko, Mona Zaghloul, Nae-Eung Lee, Ahmed Busnaina)
4. An
array of chemical and biosensors (it could be hundreds or more) platform and compact
radiation sensors. (Katharine Dovidenko, Hyung Gi Byun, Mona Zaghloul, John
Volakis, Sharmila Mukhopadhyay)
5. Make
chemical sensors more specific? (Ahmed Busnaina, Katharine Dovidenko, Hyung Gi
Byun, Sharmila Mukhopadhyay)
6. Low
power and should utilize energy harvesting (Younghyun Kim, Katharine Dovidenko,
Seung-Hyub Baek, Sharmila Mukhopadhyay)
7. Secure
communications including high frequency (Terra Hertz or sub-terra Hertz) and
including secure hardware. (Michael Shur, Younghyun Kim, Jongha Lee, Sharmila
Mukhopadhyay)
Topics
discussed and identified as needs for research for IoT including nanosensors
1. Printing electronics are needed. (printing components such as transistors,
diodes, LEDs, …)
2. Sensors for humidity, temperature, bio and chemical sensing including
integration with RFID, sensor-transceiver.
3. How to print a sensor system? Do we include manufactured components? RFIDs are
currently gluing Si chips to antennas with a high-cost (need to utilize RFID
technology)
4. How to communicate wirelessly?
5.
Secure communication and secure hardware,
6.
Biomarkers for sweat, tears and saliva
7.
Sensors for diabetes and other biomarkers, and biomarkers in several sensors,
such as olfaction sensors.
8.
Low power consumption: most sensors use small power, energy harvest,
9.
Wearable transponders of sensor data.
10.
Low power consumption, security, communicate at higher frequency (Terra Hertz).
12.
Chip making price is too high.
13.
Make chemical sensors more specific?
Sub-group 2: Neuromorphic computing
1. What is
needed is infusion of new devices, circuit architectures, and innovative system
applications. Since silicon is the
dominant platform for electronics, the community should find niches enabled by
new technologies that can be integrated into silicon platform.
2. Take what
already works, add or modify it with new concepts that have the potential to
advance the field.
3. There are
some overlaps between what the machine learning community is doing and the
neuromorphic computing community is trying to do. However, the implementation
approaches of the two communities are different. Current implementations of machine learning
tend to use the “wrong hardware and algorithms.” Despite this, these systems work but are
power hungry and inefficient.
4. Perhaps the
new approach to computing for applications that need to be low power should be
to map algorithms directly to appropriate hardware rather than using
general-purpose von Neumann machines.
Alternatively, one should think about which algorithms map to what
hardware.
5. For
continuous advancement, the neuromorphic community should aspire to learn from
biology to develop new algorithms that map onto efficient hardware. While doing this, the community should try to
adhere to the principle that the new computing systems should evolve ever
closer to how the brain works (thus aspiring toward biological plausibility).
6. At the
present time, people want to develop processors that are more efficient than
current processors (most of which are based the von Neumann architecture). The goal of neuromorphic computing is to
offer processor solutions that lead to low power and more efficient computing
systems. The overarching vision is to:
(a) enable systems that use low power, (b) design systems where memory and processing
elements are collocated, (c) find “killer” applications, and (d) design systems
that approach an ever closer resemblance to how the mammalian brain works;
7. Perhaps
over the long term, what will distinguish neuromorphic computing from
conventional machine learning are systems that can exhibit complex behavior
(without pre-programming); in other words: emergent behavior.
Action items for collaboration between the US and
Korean attendees
1. Develop a
paper that would map out the space for neuromorphic
2. Identify
teams formed from US and Korean researchers who can work together on devices,
circuit architectures, and “killer” applications in neuromorphic computing.
3. Formal
collaborations will require implementation of an Memorandum of understanding (MOU)
on both sides (from Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) for US and
from MSIT for Korea);
4. There is a potential for foundry services for
chip fabrication at Korean companies and useful collaborative interactions with
these companies.
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On behalf of the U.S participants
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On behalf of the Korean
participants
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Myung S. Jhon, Professor
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Jo-Won Lee, Professor
Hanyang University
Seoul, Korea
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