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This document is a synthesis of presentations and discourse at a workshop on social studies of science, technology, and democracy during the Cold War. Held at the Santa Fe Institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico, September 18-20, 1994, the workshop also addressed the fundamental changes in the pursuit of science and technology that have begun -- and will continue -- to unfold as a result of the end of the Cold War. Participants included scholars from various social science disciplines whose work centers on issues of how the Cold War shaped science and technology and possible scenarios for science and technology in the post-Cold War era. The workshop members believe firmly that new, fundamental thinking and research on science, technology, and the pursuit of international security during the Cold War are not only desirable but also necessary if we are to learn from the Cold War experience, thereby strengthening democratic traditions at home while promoting them abroad.
The participants in the workshop were:
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Henry Williams Brands Department of History Texas A&M University |
Allan Greb Nuclear History Project San Diego State University |
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Lynn E. Brown Vice President and Economist Federal Reserve Bank of Boston |
Barton C. Hacker Historian Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory |
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James Clayton Department of History University of Utah |
Gregg Herken National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution |
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Benjamin Franklin Cooling Historian U.S. Department of Energy |
Lillian H. Hoddeson Department of Physics University of Illinois |
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Michael A. Dennis Dept. of Science & Technology Studies Cornell University |
Gregory Hooks Department of Sociology Washington State University |
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Roger Geiger Higher Education Program Penn State University |
David A. Hounshell Department of History Carnegie Mellon University |
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Margaret B. W. Graham Xerox PARC Palo Alto, California |
Daniel J. Kevles Department of History California Institute of Technology |
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Stuart W. Leslie History of Science Johns Hopkins University |
Margaret Rossiter Dept. of Science & Technology Studies Cornell University |
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Rebecca Lowen National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution |
Bruce Seely Department of Social Sciences Michigan Technological University |
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Jane Maienschein Department of Philosophy Arizona State University |
Robert W. Seidel Charles Babbage Institute University of Minnesota |
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Allan Needell National Air and Space Museum Smithsonian Institution |
Judyth L. Twigg Department of Political Science Virginia Commonwealth University |
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Judith Reppy Peace Studies Program Cornell University |
Spencer Weart Center for History of Physics American Institute of Physics |
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Alex Roland Dibner Institute Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Allan Winkler Department of History Miami Univeristy |
Among this group, Allan Greb, Lillian Hoddeson, Gregory Hookes, Daniel Kevles, Bruce Seely, and Spencer Weart deserve special recognition for providing initial presentations that framed the work of six focus groups. Alex Roland offered a challenging summary of the workshop's proceedings, which catalyzed the final plenary session's discussions and conclusions.
The workshop owes a debt of gratitude to Allan Kornberg, Director of NSF's Division for Social, Behavioral and Economic Research, who recognized the importance of the complex issues surrounding democratic values and Cold War science and technology, and to Ronald Overmann, Director of NSF's Science and Technology Studies Program (STS), who encouraged bold thinking among the leadership of the academic societies whose members depend on the STS Program to support leading edge research. Two other members of NSF attended the workshop and lent their valuable advice and encouragement: Rachelle Hollander, Director of the Ethics and Values Studies Program, and Frank Scioli, Director of the Political Science Program.
Three other individuals were central to the workshop and to the initial drafting of this document. Hugh Gorman, Daniel Holbrook, and David Jardini, graduate students in the Department of History at Carnegie Mellon University, served as recorders for the workshop's focus groups and its plenary sessions. They also helped to draft the report. David Jardini's role was especially important, both in the conceptualization and execution of the workshop and in revising the final report.
The Santa Fe Institute's hospitality is greatfully acknowledged.
Special thanks go to Dr. L. M. Simmons, Jr., Vice President for
academic Affairs, for his support, and to Andi Sutherland, who
directed local arrangements with care and charm.
David A. Hounshell
Workshop Convenor and Henry R. Luce Professor of
Technology and Social Change
Department of History and
Department of Social and Decision Sciences
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
The views and comments contained in this document are not necessarily those of the National Science Foundation but are solely the product of the Workshop on Cold War Science and Technology.
Additional copies of this report can be obtained from Dr. Ronald Overmann, Program Director, Science and Technology Studies, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22230, 703-306- 1743, (fax) 703-306-0485, or roverman@nsf.gov.
Lockheed photo by Schulzinger and Lombard.
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