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1	Specific references will be found in the "further readings" included. In this sense this article can be seen partly as a "road map" to these further readings: It does not give all the detail, material or references in those but provides an outline sufficient to inform while indicating where more detail can be found.
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2	Clearly in this article I cannot discuss my views about the nature of design; moreover, much of that material has been given in lectures and is not yet published. However, a brief list of "further readings" is given on this topic also.
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3	G.T. Moore, D.P. Tuttle and S. Howell, Environmental Design Research Directions (New York: Praeger, 1985).
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4	I use scare quotes because I have serious doubts about the usefulness of this term, or even if it is a meaningful concept. I have a paper on this in press: "A critical look at the concept place," National Geographical Journal of India (expected to appear in 1994).
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5	E.B. Tylor, Primitive Culture (Boston, 1987).
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6	A.L. Kroeber and C. Kluckhohn, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definition. vol 47, no. 1 of Papers of the Museum (Cambridge, MA: Peabody Museum of Harvard University, 1952).
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7	See Amos Rapoport, "Culture and built form - a reconsideration" in D.G. Saile (Ed.) Architecture in Cultural Chnge: Essays in Built Form and Culture Research (Lawrence: University of Kansas, 1986) 159-160 for more details and references.
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8	See Amos Rapoport, Human Aspects of Urban Form (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1977); Idem., "Thinking about home environments: A conceptual framework," in I. Altman and C.M. Werner (Eds.) Home Environments (Vol. 8 of Human Behavior and Environment) (New York: Plenum Press, 1985); Idem., "Environmental quality and Environmental quality profiles," in N. Wilkenson (Ed.) Quality in the Built Environment (Newcastle (UK), Urban International Press, 1990).
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9	See Amos Rapoport, "On cultural landscapes." Traditional Dwellings and Settlements Review vol. 3 no. 2 (Spring 1992).
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10	See further readings generally; specifically Amos Rapoport, "The study of spatial quality." Journal of Aesthetic Education, vol. 4, no. 4 (October 1970); Idem., Human Aspects of Urban Form; Idem., The Meaning of the Built Environment (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1990); Idem., "On cultural landscapes."; Idem., Cross-Cultural Studies and Urban Form (The 1992 Lefrak Lectures) (College Park, MD, Urban Studies and Planning Program, University of Maryland, 1993); Idem., "On the nature of capitals and their physical expression," in J. Taylor, et al. (Eds.) Capital Cities: International Perspectives (Ottawa: Carleton University Press, 1993).
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11	See Rapoport, The Meaning of the Built Environment.
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12	See Amos Rapoport, "Systems of activities and systems of settings," in S. Kent (Ed.) Domestic Architecture and the Use of Space (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
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13	Note that the increase in the number, specificity and specialization of setting types with increasing complexity and scale of societies, and hence the development of ever new types of settings, building types and other types of environments is in itself part of the variety of environments and related to culture; this will not be discussed in the present article.
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14	Lévi-Strauss, The Raw and the Cooked J. and D. Weightman (trans.) (London: Jonathan Cape, 1970).
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15	W. Michelson and P. Reed, The Theoretical Status and Operational Usage of Lifestyle in Environmental Research Research Paper no. 36 (Toronto: Centre for Urban and Community Studies, University of Toronto, Sept. 1970).
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16	See Rapoport, "Environmental quality."
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17	See Rapoport, "Thinking about home environments."
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18	See Rapoport, "Environmental quality" specifically.
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19	Certain recent changes, from what I call selectionist processes to instructionist ones, have major implications for design, but cannot be discussed here. For one formulation see Rapoport, Culture and built form and Idem., "The use and design of open spaces in urban neighborhoods," in D. Frick (Ed.) The Quality of Urban Life: social, Psychological and Physical Conditions (Berlin, de Gruyter, 1986); and other subsequent readings.
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20	For example see Rapoport, Human Aspects of Urban Form.
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21	See Rapoport, The Meaning of the Built Environment.